History of CALL development
What factors influence the development of language learning using the computer over more than 50 years? Factors that influenced the development of Computer Assisted language learning (CALL) are divided into three phases namely behaviouristic, communicative and integrative. Behaviouristic CALL was first introduced during the 1960s and it was based on the structural theories of learning. According to Skinner, learning is supposed to be divided into chunks and learners are drilled to mastery before they can progress to the next level. Skinner believed that learning can be successful if the knowledge and content are divided into a series of steps and by giving immediate feedback, reinforcement, and reward. An example of Behaviouristic Call program at that time was Ultimate Language Tutor V3. As time goes by, some problems were identified regarding this program due to opinions about how the program instruction lead to repetitive drills and kills the enthusiasm and motivation ...